翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Collective (BBC) ・ Collective (Clock DVA album) ・ Collective (disambiguation) ・ Collective (I've album) ・ Collective (Stavesacre album) ・ Collective action ・ Collective action clause ・ Collective action in the United Kingdom ・ Collective action theory ・ Collective administration of copyrights ・ Collective agreement ・ Collective animal behavior ・ Collective bargaining ・ Collective Bargaining (album) ・ Collective Bargaining Convention, 1981 ・ Collective behavior ・ Collective Behavior and Social Movements Section of the ASA ・ Collective Brands ・ Collective business system ・ Collective buying power ・ Collective capitalism ・ Collective choice ・ Collective cognitive imperative ・ Collective consciousness ・ Collective Consciousness Society ・ Collective depression ・ Collective Digital Studio ・ Collective dose ・ Collective effects (accelerator physics) ・ Collective effervescence Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Collective behavior ： ウィキペディア英語版 Collective behavior The expression collective behavior was first used by Robert E. Park (1921), and employed later by Herbert Blumer (1939), Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian (1957), and Neil Smelser (1962) to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. Use of the term has been expanded to include reference to cells, social animals like birds and fish, and insects including ants. Collective behavior takes many forms but generally violates societal norms (Miller 2000, Locher 2002). Collective behavior can be tremendously destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances (Locher 2002). ==Defining the field== Turner and Killian (1957) were the first sociologists to back their theoretical propositions with visual evidence in the form of photographs and motion pictures of collective behavior in action. Prior to that sociologists relied heavily upon eyewitness accounts, which turned out to be far less reliable than one would hope. Turner and Killian's approach is based largely upon the arguments of Blumer, who argued that social "forces" are not really forces. The actor is active: He creates an interpretation of the acts of others, and acts on the basis of this interpretation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Collective behavior」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.